Mechanisms and limits of induced postnatal lung growth.

Introduction Postnatal Lung Development Normal Development Abnormal Development Models of Induce Postnatal Lung Growth Increased Metabolic Oxygen Demand Increased Mechanical Lung Strain Reduced Size (Lobar) Lung Transplant Chronic Hypoxia or High-altitude Exposure Extracellular Matrix and Elastic Fibers Signals and Mediators of Induced Lung Growth Mechanical Signals Nonmechanical Signals and Mediators Role of Pluripotent Stem Cells Functional Correlates and Limits of Induced Lung Growth Compensatory Versus Reparative Growth Nonstructural Sources of Adaptation: Recruitment of Reserves Limits Imposed by Dysanaptic Lung Growth Limits Imposed by Heart–Lung–Thorax Interaction Growth Induction and Carcinogenesis Future Directions